Chemical Analysis and Detection of Adulteration in Different Brands of Milk in Libyan Market

Abstract

Adulteration and quality control of food products are international main concern. The study involves analysis of seven different brands of milk available in the Libyan markets (Ajdabiya city): (M1; JUHAYNA, M2; Sterilgarda, M3; Judi, M4; Berti, M5; XOIA, M6; goat milk and M7; camel milk).

Three qualitative analysis were conducted; detection of starch, NaCl and (NH₄)₂SO₄. The results were negative except in NaCl test in M1, M2, M4 and M7. Four quantitative analysis were conducted, as most of the results were in the normal ranges but there are some exceptions.  In water content, M1 (88.34±0.16%) and M2 (88.22±0.51%) were just more than the normal range of cow milk (87.3–88.1%) according to USDA database. While, M7 (90±0.33%) was over the normal range (88.7–89.4%). In protein contents; M3 (2.60±0.09%) was less than the product label (3.2%) and the normal range according to USDA database. In addition, M7 (1.38±0.17%) was less than the level (2.4–4.2%). In titratable acidity; M4 (0.210±0.009%) and M7 (0.250±0.004%) were significantly higher than the normal range according to FAO recommendations (0.10%–0.20%), which may indicate that there is a bacterial growth. In pH analysis; M4 (6.28±0.03) and M7 (6.11±0.01) were less than the normal range (6.3-8.5) according to FDA/CFSAN recommendations, which support the result of the titratable acidity. In general, M7 was the worst results. Therefore, authorized entities should monitor local neighborhood products to ensure they reach consumers safely and with high quality.